La Belle Dame Sans Merci Essays (761 words) - Gothic Fiction

La Belle Dame Sans Merci John Keats is a great British poet. He has written many popular poems. La Belle Dame sans Merci is a ballad that was written in 1819. In this ballad, the knight is deceived by the woman he meets. He falls in love with this woman instantly and is convinced that she too is in love with him. The woman makes the knight fall for her by making herself beautiful. The woman deceives the knight into trusting her and then when she takes him to her cave, she breaks his heart by leaving him after the knight wakes up from a nightmare. The first stanza of this ballad describes the knight as being lonely in the wilderness. A Alone and palely loitering. @ The knight is alone and wandering around on his horse. A And no birds sing. @ In this sentence he describes his sadness because the singing of birds is associated with happiness and the birds are not singing. So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel=s granary is full, And the harvest=s done. In this quote the knight is troubled because everything is going as it is supposed to, the granary is full and the harvest is done. This is why the knight is also sad and roaming around on his horse. In the next stanza, the knight is described as exhausted in appearance and afflicted. ?And on thy cheeks a fading rose fast withereth too.? The colour of his skin is fading away, and he is dying. I met a lady in the meads Full beautiful - a faery=s child. Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. In this stanza, the knight meets a woman in the meadows. He falls in love with her immediately. He describes her as being a small being with magic powers ( faery ). He makes a wreath of flowers to decorate her head and also he made her bracelets to show his love for her. He put the woman on his horse and watched her ride all day because the sight of her is so beautiful. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna dew, And sure in language strange she said - A I love thee [emailprotected] The woman makes herself more enticing by giving him the Aroots of relish sweet, and honey wild, and manna [emailprotected] The woman wanted the knight to trust her more. The knight is convinced that the woman is also in love with him when she says A I love thee [emailprotected] When the knight describes the woman as being A a faery=s child @, he realizes that the woman has magical powers. She uses her magical powers to make the knight fall for her then she breaks his heart. The woman deceives the knight into trusting her. The woman doesn=t say what she means when she says A I love thee true @ because she says it in A language strange @. After, the woman took the knight into her enchanted cave where the woman cried. This is another way the woman is deceiving the knight. She is making the knight feel sorry for her. The knight comforts her with four kisses. The knight then trusts the woman enough to fall asleep. While the knight is sleeping, he describes a nightmare that he had. The kings and the princes are warning him of this woman. They tell him that he has been captured by this woman. AThey cried - La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in [emailprotected] This quote says that the kings and princes are warning the knight that this woman is a beautiful woman without mercy. After he awakens from this nightmare, he fins himself alone on the hill side. This is why the knight is sad, alone and wandering. The woman sees the knight as a perfect victim because the knight is alone, sad and wandering aimlessly in this poem. The knight is sad because everything is going the way it is supposed to go. The squirrel's granary is full and the harvest is done. The woman uses her magical powers to deceive the knight. She is successful in making the knight fall for her. She makes herself more enticing by giving the

Myths About Obama - The 5 Wackiest Myths About Obama

Myths About Obama - The 5 Wackiest Myths About Obama If you believe everything you read in your email inbox, Barack Obama is a Muslim born in Kenya who is ineligible to serve as U.S. president and he even charters private jets at taxpayer expense so the family dog Bo can go on vacation in luxury. And then there is the truth. No other modern president, it seems, has been the subject of so many outrageous and malicious fabrications. The myths about Obama live on through the years, mostly in chain emails forwarded endlessly across the Internet, despite being debunked over and over again. Here is a look at five of the silliest myths about Obama: 1. Obama is Muslim. False. He is a Christian. Obama was baptized at Chicagos Trinity United Church of Christ in 1988. And he has spoken and written often about his faith in Christ. Rich, poor, sinner, saved, you needed to embrace Christ precisely because you had sins to wash away - because you were human, he wrote in his memoir, The Audacity of Hope. ... Kneeling beneath that cross on the South Side of Chicago, I felt Gods spirit beckoning me. I submitted myself to His will, and dedicated myself to discovering His truth, Obama wrote. And yet nearly one in five Americans - 18 percent - believe Obama is a Muslim, according to an August 2010 survey conducted by The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. The are wrong. 2. Obama Nixes National Day of Prayer Numerous widely circulated emails claim President Barack Obama refused to recognize the National Day of Prayer after taking office in January of 2009. Oh Our wonderful president is at it again .... he has cancelled the national day of prayer that is held at the white house every year .... sure glad I wasnt fooled into voting for him! one email begins. Thats false. Obama issued proclamations setting the National Day of Prayer in both 2009 and 2010. We are blessed to live in a Nation that counts freedom of conscience and free exercise of religion among its most fundamental principles, thereby ensuring that all people of goodwill may hold and practice their beliefs according to the dictates of their consciences, Obamas April 2010 proclamation read. Prayer has been a sustaining way for many Americans of diverse faiths to express their most cherished beliefs, and thus we have long deemed it fitting and proper to publicly recognize the importance of prayer on this day across the Nation. 3. Obama Uses Taxpayer Money to Fund Abortions Critics claim that the health care reform law of 2010, or Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, includes provisions that make up the broadest expansion of legalized abortion since Roe v. Wade. The Obama Administration will give Pennsylvania $160 million in federal tax funds, which weve discovered will pay for insurance plans that cover any legal abortion, Douglas Johnson, legislative director for the National Right to Life Committee, said in a widely circulated statement in July 2010. Wrong again. The Pennsylvania Insurance Department, responding to claims that federal money would fund abortions, issued a stern rebuttal to anti-abortion groups.Pennsylvania will - and has always intended to - comply with the federal ban on abortion funding in the coverage provided through our federally funded high risk pool, the Insurance Department said in a statement. In fact, Obama signed an executive order banning the use of federal money to pay for abortion in the health care reform law on March 24, 2010. If the state and federal governments stick to their words, it does not appear taxpayer money will pay any part of abortions in Pennsylvania or any other state. 4. Obama Was Born in Kenya Numerous conspiracy theories claim that Obama was born in Kenya and not Hawaii, and that because he was not born here he was not eligible to serve as president.The silly rumors grew so loud, however, that Obama released a copy of his certificate of live birth during the presidential campaign in 2007. Smears claiming Barack Obama doesnt have a birth certificate arent actually about that piece of paper - theyre about manipulating people into thinking Barack is not an American citizen, the campaign said. The truth is, Barack Obama was born in the state of Hawaii in 1961, a native citizen of the United States of America. The documents prove he was born in Hawaii. Though some believe the records are phony. 5. Obama Charters Plane for the Family Dog Uh, no. PolitiFact.com, a service of the St. Petersburg Times in Florida, managed to track down the source of this ridiculous myth to a vaguely worded newspaper article in Maine about the first familys vacation in the summer of 2010. The article, about the Obamas visiting Acadia National Park, reported: Arriving in a small jet before the Obamas was the first dog, Bo, a Portuguese water dog given as a present by the late U.S. Sen Ted Kennedy, D-Mass., and the presidents personal aide Reggie Love, who chatted with Baldacci. Some folks, eager to jump on the president, mistakenly believed that meant the dog got its own personal jet. Yeah, really. As the rest of us toil on the unemployment line, as millions of Americans find their retirement accounts dwindling, their hours at work cut, and their pay scale trimmed, King Barack and Queen Michelle are flying their little doggie, Bo, on his own special jet airplane for his own little vacation adventure, one blogger wrote. The truth? The Obamas and their staffer traveled in two small planes because the runway where they landed was too short to accommodate Air Force One. So one plane carried the family. The other carried the Bo the dog - and lots of other people. The dog did not have its own private jet.

Study of Nurse Workarounds in a Hospital Using Bar Code Medication Research Paper

Study of Nurse Workarounds in a Hospital Using Bar Code Medication Administration System - Research Paper Example The implementation of BCMA technology might impact negatively on the nurses’ attitudes toward the medication administration process. This, in turn, might make work processes more difficult to nurses while administering medication to patients. This paper will provide a response to Goodner’s journal article as regards to nurses’ perception to the use of BCMA system and then provide my judgment over the issue. It will also review three other journal articles to demonstrate if they agree with my viewpoint. Finally, the paper will list my evaluation and three points of criteria used in my judgment. Research reveals that medication errors are the most frequently experienced preventable errors at (19%) according to Gooder (2011). Gooder notes that most (34%) medication errors take place during medication administration. The impacts of these errors are directly related to patients and can cause grave injuries. It is for this reason that the Institute of Administration (IOM) recommended the introduction of bar coded medication administration system (BCMAs) as a solution to medication administration errors. This, argues Gooder, will reduce medication errors by about 86%. This is true because it will enhance the prevention of patient injuries, which have characterized most of today’s hospitals. On the other hand, the technology will also improve the overall quality of services offered in the hospital. With the application of the technology, there will be faster administration of medication and improved accuracy in service delivery. This will improve the overall satisfaction o f patients. In spite of the benefits of the BCMA system as regards error reduction, Gooder notes some concerns about its safety and effectiveness. Among the concerns is the non-compliance with the BCMA system by nurses in many hospital settings.

Liberal and Realists view on NAFTA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liberal and Realists view on NAFTA - Essay Example The following paper compares and contrasts liberal and realist views on NAFTA. Liberals argue that free trade is advantageous only when the margin is not at risk of economic manipulation by the central player in the agreement, which is the United States in NAFTA’s case (Chan 7). This argument comes from advocates who believe in the protection of individual freedoms and civil rights, including uncompromising interests like natural surroundings. In contrast, realist advocates emphasize the core significance of power and economic interests. These emphases revolve around the principles of intergovernmentalism, least-common denominator negotiating, and stern limits on future handovers of independence (Chan 12). This realist view suits the most recent events in North America in the course of its regional presence despite originating from the EU. Liberals are against government involvement in top economic projects or activities through projectionist regulations like duties, grants, and quotas (Chan 9). Realists’ logic on government involvement is that a country’s welfare is the main concern over international objectives (Chan 16). Liberals’ focus is on general economic development as proven by rises in GDP. This basis means liberals expected NAFTA to generate a rise in exports of products and services, raise employment rates, raise overseas investments, and trigger general economic growth. In comparison, realists believe a nation should accumulate wealth and power through self-adequacy. As a result, realists were directly against a free trade convention such as NAFTA during its formation in the early 1990s since it endangered the local manufacturing industry through competition and forms trade shortfalls. Liberalism relates to the Dependency theory, which contends that central and marginal economic affairs are concerns for a specific type of fundamental economist (Chan 11).

The shift from the concept of Personnel Management to the concept of Essay

The shift from the concept of Personnel Management to the concept of Human Resource Management - Essay Example Modern business entities have adopted human resource management because it facilitates improved performance in the organization (Price, 2007). It does so by following the HR cycle which consists of employee recruitment and selection, benefits and compensation management, training and performance management (Thompson, 2014). In selection and recruitment, the right mix of employees is recruited and deployed. Human resource management helps in analyzing resumes and interviewing job applicants within an organization. Through this, the best candidates are employed. Every organization has a duty to attract, recognize, motivate, and retain the most competent members of staff. It is the duty of the human resource department to ensure that employees with high value within an organization are identified and compensated effectively as a way of encouraging them to continue working with the organization (Fleming, 2000). The human resource department should put in place the most effective remunera tion policy to satisfy all employees. With fast changing technology, employees in every organization need to update their skills and attributes frequently. It is the duty of the human resource management to ensure that employees are trained so as to meet their current and future roles in the organization. New employees may also be trained so as to align their skills with their jobs (Thompson, 2014). Human resource management also sets and communicates the organization’s goals to employees. This is done through performance management which helps employees to put their efforts where they are required the most within the organization. Human resource management collects and disseminated information related to all employees. It may also organize social events to enhance cooperation among employees (Thompson, 2014). Effective use of complete HR cycle is instrumental to organization’s performance. Small organizations that have no specialists in human resource staff have line

Types Of Trade Unions Commerce Essay

Types Of Trade Unions Commerce Essay A trade union is an organization of employees formed on a continuous basis for the purpose of securing diverse range of benefits. It is a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining and improving the conditions of their working lives. Trade union means combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed (i) primarily for the purpose of regulating the relation between (a) workmen and employers, or (b) between workmen and workmen, or (c) between employers and employers, or (ii) for imposing restrictive conditions and the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more trade unions. TYPES OF TRADE UNIONS Since the growth of unions are spontaneous and automatic there is no definite classification that is followed all over the country. However for clear gaps of differentiation the unions have been classified into the following categories. Industrial unions Industrial unionism is a labor union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union-regardless of skill or trade-thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. For example:- FireBrigadeUnion the National Union of Miners (N.U.M), covering workers at all levels in the hierarchy b) General unions. A General Union is a trade union which represents workers from all industries and companies, rather than just one organization or a particular sector, as in a craft union or industrial union For example:- Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) cleaners, clerical staff, transport workers C) Craft unions. Craft unionism refers to organizing a labor union in a manner that seeks to unify workers in a particular industry along the lines of the particular craft or trade that they work in by class or skill level. It contrasts with industrial unionism, in which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of differences in skill. For example: Musician Unions D) White Collars Union : These are for white-collar (or professional) workers who perform the same or similar tasks in different industries. It represents office workers For example:. National Union of Teachers HISTORY The seeds for the development of trade union in India were sown with the growth of industrialization. As the humanitarian movement came to India in the 19th century, worker groups made several attempts to improve their working conditions. The British introduced this movement in India to divide Indian employers and employees and beat local competition. Attempts were also made to eradicate child labour in India. The British Government was finally compelled to pass a resolution against employing children between the ages of seven to twelve for more than nine hours a day. The trade unionism in India developed quite slowly as compared to the western nations. So far as the question of formation and development of Trade Unions in India is concerned, its necessity was realised from 1875 onwards by philanthropists, social workers like Shri Soirabji Shapaji Bengalle and Shri N.M. Lokhandey. Indian Trade Union movement can be divided into three phases. The First Phase (1850 to1900) During this phase the inception of trade unions took place. During this period, the working and living conditions of the labour were poor and their working hours were long. Capitalists were only interested in their productivity and profitability. In addition, the wages were also low and general economic conditions were poor in industries. Efforts towards organizing the workers were made during the early period of industrial development on humanitarian grounds.In order to regulate the working hours and other service conditions of the Indian textile labourers; the Indian Factories Act was enacted in 1881. As a result, employment of child labour was prohibited. The growth of trade union movement was slow in this phase and later on the Indian Factory Act of 1881 was amended in 1891. Many strikes took place in the two decades following 1880 in all industrial cities. These strikes taught workers to understand the power of united action even though there was no union in real terms. Small associations like Bombay Mill-Hands Association came up by this time. The Second Phase (1900 to 1946) This phase was characterized by the development of organized trade unions and political movements of the working class. A few trade unions like The Printers Union, Calcutta (1905) the Bombay Postal Union (1907) etc were formed. Between 1918 and 1923, many unions came into existence in the country. At Ahmedabad, under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, occupational unions like spinners unions and weavers unions were formed. A strike was launched by these unions under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi who turned it into a satyagrah. These unions federated into industrial union known as Textile Labour Association in 1920. In 1920, the First National Trade union organization (The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)) was established. Many of the leaders of this organization were leaders of the national Movement. In 1926, Trade union law came up with the efforts of Mr. N.M Joshi that became operative from 1927. During 1928, All India Trade Union Federation (AITUF) was formed. Besides Gandhi , the Whitly Commission on Labour in India (1929-31) had also pointed out that the Modem industrialism is itself of western importation and the difficulties which it creates for labour in India are similar to the difficulties it has created elsewhere. In these conditions the Commission realised that it is power to combine that labour has the only effective safeguard against exploitation and the only lasting security against inhuman conditions. Moreover the Commission did not find an evidence of any alternative remedy that is likely to prove effective. So it emphasised that the need of organisation among Indian workmen is great and it further recommended that nothing but a strong Trade Union movement will give the Indian working class adequate protection. The Third Phase (After 1947) The third phase began with the emergence of independent India (in 1947). The partition of country affected the trade union movement particularly Bengal and Punjab. The Planning Commission drafted its first five year plan, setting therein necessary targets of production industrial as well as agricultural to be achieved during the next five years. For having industrial advancement, Industrial Policy Resolution in 1948, was also prepared. As the economic progress is bound up with the Industrial peace so for the successful implementation of the plans, particularly in the economy organised for planned production and distribution, the co-operation from Trade Unions was considered absolutely essential at different stages of the execution of the plans. Accordingly, it was realised that the question of maintenance of smooth industrial relations was not a matter between employers and employees alone. But it was a vital concern of the community. Therefore their relationship has to be of a par tnership in this constructive endeavour. This was the reason why it was provided in the first five year plan that the dignity of labour must be recognised so that the workers who on account of hardships of illiteracy and ignorance and lack of opportunities have not been able to play as effective a role in the working of industry as they should, could understand and carry out their responsibility and could take an increasing share in the industry. Accordingly the workers right of association, organisation and collective bargaining was accepted and it was laid down in this plan that they (Trade unions) should be welcomed and helped to function as part and parcel of the industrial system. The necessity of Trade Unions was so much considered that no difference between the workers working in privately owned industries or in publicly owned industries was made. By 1949, four central trade union organizations were functioning in the country The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) The Hindu Mazdoor Sangh (HMS) The United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) The working class movement was also politicized along the lines of political parties. For instance Indian national trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union arm of the Congress Party. The AITUC is the trade union arm of the Communist Party of India. Besides workers, white-collar employees, supervisors and managers are also organized by the trade unions, as for example in the Banking, Insurance and Petroleum industries. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the trade unions generally are: I . They strive for achieving higher wages and better conditions for the members. 2. They not only minimize the helplessness of the individual workers by making them stand collectively and increasing their resistance power through collective bargaining but also protect their member against victimization or injustice of the employers. 3. They provide the worker self confidence and a feeling that they are not simply a log in the machine. 4. They imbibe a spirit of sincerity and discipline in the workers 5. They also take up welfare measures for improving the morale of the workers. 6. They demand an increasing share for workers in the management of industrial enterprises. They help in raising the status of workers as partners of Industry and as citizens of the society. This is another important area, which has a great impact on the industrial relations system. Labour legislation has been instrumental in shaping the course of industrial relations in India. Establishment of social justice has been the principle, which has guided the origin and development of labour legislation in India. The setting up of the International Labour Organization gave an impetus to the consideration of welfare and working conditions of the workers all over the world and also led to the growth of labour laws in all parts of the world, including 1ndia4. Some of the other factors which gave impetus to the development of labour laws in India were the Swaraj Movement of 192 1 -24 and the appointment of the Royal Commission on Labour in 1929. The labour laws regulate not only the conditions of work of industrial establishments, but also industrial relations, payment of wages, registration of trade unions, certification of standing orders etc. In addition, they provide social se curity measures for workers. They desire legal rights and obligations of employees and employers and also provide guidelines for their relationship. In India, all laws emanate from the constitution of India. Under the constitution, Labour is a concurrent subject, i..e., both the central and state governments can enact labour legislation, with the clause that the state legislature cannot enact a law which is repugnant to the central law. A rough estimate places the total number of enactments in India to be around 160. Workers Participation With the outbreak of First World War, countries like England, France, West Germany and USA experienced an industrial unrest largely because labor was regarded as a commodity of commerce which was exploited to its maximum. Because of the unrest they recognized the fact that labor is not a commodity to be sold at a price, but should be treated as human beings having capacity to grow and accept responsibility as citizens. A worker wants to participate in the affairs of the industry and contribute to the effectiveness of the co-operative enterprise to which he belongs. The human relations philosophy popularized by Elton Mayo gave the importance of human factor in the organization. Man is not purely an economic animal but a member of the group sharing its norms and goals. Workers participation aimed at giving the workers a feeling of having a place of their own in the social structure of the country, ultimately providing a social base. The humanitarian approach to labor brought about a new set of values, both for the workers and employers; power has been replaced by persuasion, authoritarianism by democracy and compulsion by co-operation. It is quite logical that people have right to choose their own government, has right to choose the management of the enterprise to which they belong. It rests on fundamental premise that the worker is not a slave who has no rights at all, he is a citizen employed in an industry and has opinions of his own which should be taken into account while formulating the policies and making decisions. The factory is not a mechanical entity which is governed by mechanical principles and economic laws, but a social system which is subject to democratic rights of those who are involved in it. In India, Mahatma Gandhi had already launched the idea of trusteeship after the First World War, and some experiments had followed in the Ahmedabad textile mills. After independence, the Government of India consolidated tripartism and created consultative forums. The various types of involvement with employees varied greatly, though, as several organizations established different practices in India. Information-sharing, suggestion schemes, consultation and, only in a few cases, co-determination or participation in its true sense, exist in many organizations. Issues The issues on which workers or employees are to be consulted have also varied widely. Broadly speaking, the range of issues in any enterprise on which decisions need to be taken from time to time can be classified under five major heads: Safety and Welfare issues; Work-Related issues (production on the shop floor, quality, machine maintenance); Sharing of gains (wages, incentives, allowances); Production-related issues (product-mix, plant production targets, technology) and; Business policy (expansion, contraction, pricing). Workers participation is system of communication and consultation, either formal or informal, by which employees of an organization are kept informed about affairs of the undertaking and through which they express their opinion and contribute to management decisions. It is based on the principles of equity, equality and voluntarism. It gives employees representatives the right to criticize, to offer constructive suggestions, and to become aware of various delicate issues involved in decision-making. The participation enhances employees ability to influence, decision-making at different levels of the organizational hierarchy with assumption of responsibility. Participation Refers to mental emotional involvement of Workers in unions activities it is more behaviorist rather than an attitudinal concept. Indicators of participations 1-participation in unions elections 2-membership enrolment subscription 3-membership on union committees 4-Attending unions meetings 5-Involvement in unions welfare social responsibility functions. Factors influencing WP in Unions 1-The type of leadership is available in unions 2-the history of labour management relations in a plant 3-the age, experience, skills educations, caste, employment of workers. 4- the style of supervision, motivation, morale, wage structure in the industry. 5-Welfare measures fringe benefits available to workers. Advantages of W.P in Unions 1-W.P in unions activities gives solidarity strength to the unions. 2-It helps in developing leadership from the rank ensures a strong bargaining power. 3- it checks the tendency on the part of selected leaders to become all powerful by a vigilant participative membership. 4-It is essential not only from the viewpoint of betterment of unions leaders but for the very success of trade unionism. Employers Associations Effectiveness of any industrial relations system whether based on legislation or voluntary arrangements, depends to a great extent on the attitude that unions and employers organizations adopt towards each other. The intention in covering employers organizations under the Trade unions Act, 1926 was to place both workers and employers organizations on a par in matters of rights and responsibilities. the principal of giving equal representation to capital and labour on all consultative bodies like the Indian Labour Conference, Standing Labour Committee and industrial committees recognizes this basic tenet in the employer- employee relationship. Functions Communication Advisory Functions Educational Efforts Representational Functions Functions of Social Responsibilities TRADE UNION ACT, 1926 The Trade Unions Act was passed in 1926 under the title of the Indian Trade unions Act and was brought into effect from 1st June 1927. The act was amended in 1947, 1960 and 1962. Subsequently, the word Indian was deleted from the amended Act of 1964, which came into force from 1st April 1965. Objectives of Act Terms and conditions required for trade unions to become officially registered. Responsibilities expected from a registered trade union. Rights and liabilities of registered trade unions Applicability of the Act The Act extends to the whole of India. The act was extended to Jammu Kashmir by the Central Labour Laws Act 1970 with effect from 1st September 1971. The Act applies not only to the unions of workers but also to the associations of employers. The Act is a central legislation, but it is administered and enforced mostly by state governments. For the purpose of this act, the Central government handles the cases of only those unions whose activities are not confined to one state. All other unions are the concern of state governments. The registrars of trade unions are appointed both by the central and state governments. They can also appoint additional or Deputy Registrars who may exercise the powers and functions of the Registrars, as they think fit so as to obviate delays in the disposal of applications for the registration of trade unions. Scope (a) Only persons engaged in Trade or Business (which includes an Industry) can form a trade union or become members of the trade union. As such persons employed in Raj Bhawan for domestic and other duties cannot form a trade union. Likewise, the government servants engaged in the task of sovereign and legal functions are not entitled to the registration of a trade union. (b) The Trade Unions Act 1926 applies to the whole of Indian Union. (c) Any person who has attained the age of 15 years may become the member of a registered trade union. Functions of Unions The functions of unions include intramural, extramural and political. Intramural functions are those activities which are at the betterment of needs of workers in relation to their employment such as ensuring adequate wages, securing better conditions of work, rest interval, continuity of employment etc. Extramural activities are those which perform to help the workers in times of need and improve their efficiency. They also include welfare measures and conduct recreational functions for the workers. The history of trade unionism in the country records profound effects of political leaders. The route of action, the concentration of work moves from workers to a more universal area- politics. In India most of the unions are politically affiliated or have strong support of leading political parties of the country. Thus the trade unions use their franchise to capture the government which indirectly results in acquiring stronger hold of power through political influence for their trade union. Penalties A. Failure to submit returns (Section 31): Section 31 of The Trade Union Act, 1926 states about the penalties on failure to submit returns by registered Trade Union. It contains, (1) If default is made on the part of any registered Trade Union in giving any notice or sending any statement or other document as required by or under any provision of this Act, every (office-bearer) or other person bound by the rules of the Trade Union to give or send the same . Again, if there is no such or person, every member of the executive of the Trade Union, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five rupees and in the case of a continuing default, with an additional fine which may extend to five rupees for each week after the first during which the default continues and provided that the aggregate fine shall not exceed fifty rupees. (2) Any person who willfully makes, or causes to be made, any false entry in, or any omission from the general statement required by section 28, or in or form any copy of rules or of alterations of rules sent to the Registrar under that Section, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees. B. Supplying false information regarding Trade Union (Section 32): Any person who, wit intent to deceive, gives to any member of a registered Trade Union or to any document purporting or applying to become a member of such Trade Union, any document purporting to be a copy of the rules of the Trade Union or of any alterations to the same which he knows, or has reason to believe, is not a correct copy of such rules or alterations as are for the time being in force. On the other hand, any person who, with the like intent gives a copy of any rules of an unregistered Trade Union to any person on the pretence that such rules are the rules of a registered Trade Union, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees. C. Cognizance of offence (Section 33): (1) No court inferior to that of a Presidency Magistrate or a Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence under this Act. (2) No court shall take cognizance of any offence under this Act unless complaint thereof has been made by or with the previous sanction 32, by the person to whom the copy was given, within six months of the date on which the offence is alleged to have been committed. Provisions of the Act The main provisions of the act relate to 1. Definition 2. Registration of trade unions 3. Duties and liabilities of registered trade unions 4. Rights and privileges of registered trade unions. 5. Amalgamation and dissolution of trade unions. 6. Submission of returns 7. Penalties and fines. 8. Power to make regulations. Registration Application Application Any seven or more members of a Trade union may, by subscribing their names to the rules of the trade union and by otherwise complying with the provisions of this Act with respect to registration, apply for registration of the trade union under this Act. Registration Every application for registration of a Trade union shall be made to the Registrar, and shall be accompanied by copy of the rules of the trade union and a statement of the following particulars namely; (a) The names, occupations and addresses of the members making the application (b) The name of the trade union and the address of its Head Office and (c) The titles, names, ages, addresses and occupations of the office bearers of the trade union. The Trade Unions Act Does Not Affect 1. Any agreement between partners as to their own business 2. Any agreement between an employer and those employed by him as to such employment; or 3. Any agreement in consideration of the sale of the goodwill of a business or of instruction in any profession, trade or handicraft. EXISTING TRADE UNIONS At present there are 10 Central Trade Union Organizations in India: All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) It was established in 1920 as a result of a resolution passed by the organized workers of Bombay and the delegates which met in a conference on 31 October 1920. It was attended by such first rank political leaders as Motilal Nehru, MA Jinnae, Mrs. Annie Besant and Vallabhai Patel and Col. Wedgewood on behalf of the British Trade Union Congress. The first president was Lala Lajpat Rai. Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) This union has been the outcome of the decision taken by the Jana Sangh in its convention at Bhopal on 23rd July, 1954. Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) This was formed in 1970 when as a result of the rift in the AITUC; some members of the Communist Party seceded. Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) When the Socialists separated from the Congress, those who were dissatisfied with the pro-Communist policies of the INTUC formed a new organization, the Hind Mazdoor panchayat, which was merged with the Indian Federation of Labour in 1948 under the name of the Hind Mazdoor Sabha. It is an organ of the Praja Socialist Party. Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) The INTUC came into existence on 4th May, 1948, as a result of the resolution passed on 17th November 1947, by the United Board of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh, which was a labour organisation working under the direction of National Congress-minded labour leaders on the Gandhian Philosophy of Sarvodaya. Since AITUC was under the stronghold of the Communists, the Congress labour leaders thought of forming a new central trade union organization. To give effect to this idea, a conference was held at New Delhi under the chairman ship of Sardar Vallabhai Patel. It was inaugurated by Shri Acharya J.B. Kripalani (on May 3, 1947) and was attended by eminent nationalist and socialist leaders. National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU) This union was founded in 1967, with the claim that this is the only trade union in India which is not controlled by any of the political parties, employers or government. National Labor Organization (NLO) Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC) Trade Union Coordination Committee is a central trade union federation in India. TUCC is politically attached to All India Forward Bloc. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, TUCC had a membership of 732760 in 2002. The general secretary is Nripendra Kumar Mahto. United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) Some trade union leaders of the socialist bent met together in December 1948 to form a new central organisation of labour, called Hind Mazdoor Sabha. Some of the leaders did not agree with the principles and objectives of the Sabha and they therefore, again met at Calcutta on December 27, 1948, and decided to call upon a conference of trade union leaders to form a united Trade Union Committee. This Committee called for a meeting of the various leaders at Calcutta on April 30, 1949 and formed a new union under the name of United Trade Union Congress. United Trade Union Congress Lenin Sarani (UTUC LS) It is a Central Trade Union Organisation in India and the labour wing of the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist). Presently its activities are spread over 19 states. The organisation claims to have 600 affiliated unions, comprising an individual membership of over two million. It is the 6th largest trade union in India. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, UTUC-LS had a membership of 1,368,535 in 2002. AFFILIATED ORGANISATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) 5,788,822 Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) 8,200,000 Origin: Came into existence on 4th May 1948,as a result of the resolution passed on 17th November 1947,by the central board of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh. Objectives: It aims at the sarvodaya ideal and stands for gradual transformation of the existing social order. It aims at establishing a socialist state in India. It aims at placing industry under national ownership and control in a suitable form in order to realise the desired order of society. Methods Used: These strike is like a Brahmastra and is not to be resorted to in a light-hearted manner and made cheap and blunt. Political Affiliation: Affiliated with the Indian Natinal Congress (the ruling party). Its relations with the government are based on the mutuality. Self-Employed Womens Association (SEWA) 1,325,752 STRUCTURE The structure of unions refers to the basis on which unions are organised (i.e., whether they are organised on craft or industrial or general union basis) and to the pattern whereby the plant unions are linked to regional level or national level federations or unions. Unions in India are largely organised by industry rather than craft. Although industrial unionism has been the general trend, craft unions have also emerged here and there; primarily, they exist among non-manual workers like administrative staff, professionals, technicians, etc. Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association is the sole example of craft union of manual workers. Another aspect of the structure of unions in India relates to their pattern of relationship between national level, regional level, local level and plant level unions. Let us see how they are related in India. Plant level Unions The first level in the structure from below is the plant level union. This comprises the unions in one organisation or factory. Please note that only seven members are required to form a union. This has lead to multiple unions in one factory Local Level federations. This is the second level in the structure from below. The local trade union federation holds together the plant level unions at the local level in a particular craft and industry. These local level federations might be affiliated to either some regional level or national level federation or these may be independent. Regional level federations These are the organisations of all the constituent unions in a particular state or region. The importance of such federations cannot be exaggerated. In a country like India, conditions vary from region to region. The style of living, languages, customs, traditions, conditions, etc. are different. Therefore, it is better that workers are organised at regional or state level. These regional federations may have members of two kinds: (1) The plant level unions affiliating themselves to these directly and (2) The local federations. In the second case, plant level unions become the members of regional federation indirectly through the local federations. It may be noted that the regional federations may be independent or they may get affiliated to some national federation. National federations. These are national level bodies to which plant level unions, local unions or regional level unions may get affiliated. These are the apex bodies at the top of the structure. They act as coordinating bodies. Th

Atco Ghost of the Southern New Jersey Piney Barrens Essay -- Urban Leg

Atco Ghost of the Southern New Jersey Piney Barrens The sparsely populated towns and countryside of the Pine Barrens of Southern New Jersey have often been the ideal setting of various ghost stories, including the infamous tale of the Jersey Devil, that are told in the more heavily populated Northern New Jersey and Philadelphia metropolitan regions. One of those â€Å"Piney† towns is home to a lesser-known, but equally interesting, tale of a street that is haunted by the ghost of a young boy. The story is set in the town of Atco, within Waterford Township, and is located approximately half-way between Philadelphia and Atlantic City, right in the heart of the Wharton State Forest section of the Pine Barrens National Reserve. The story was told to me by one of my high-school classmates, who is a resident of the town of Atco. The nineteen year old young man is currently a sophomore at Clemson University and describes himself as being a Roman Catholic of half Italian-American and half Irish-American decent. The young man also noted that he is normally very socially conservative and a staunch Republican. His father is employed as a general contractor and his mother runs her own catering company. He describes himself as a â€Å"self proclaimed expert of all things related to the Atco Ghost.† He cannot remember the specific date when he first heard the story, but stated that he can remember knowing most of the details to the story for most of his life. He also claims to have attempted to see the ghost on only one occasion and after what he saw, he refuses to ever go back to that area of town at night. The following is an almost word for word account, which he checked to ensure its accuracy, of the lengthy story as he retold it to me ... ...ker: American Urban Legends & Their Meanings. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981. Case Studies – Atco Ghost, Atco, NJ / Pleasant Mills Cemetery, Bastso, NJ. Accessed at http://www.sjpr.org/atcocem.html--A website from the South Jersey Paranormal Research group providing a detailed account of their experience in visiting the location of the Atco Ghost. Sceurman, Mark and Maron, Mark. Weird N.J.: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey’s Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2003. Accessed at www.weirdnj.com--A magazine, with selected archives available online, that provides accounts of the various folklore and legends that comprise the New Jersey culture. www.theatcoghost.com--A site detailing directions on how to see the ghost with an accompanying message board in which individuals recount their own experiences of attempting to witness the ghost.

Choice of Major

Timon Igeria UNDERACHIEVEMENT IN THE UNIVERSITY IS AS A RESULT OF STUDENTS BASING THEIR CHOICE OF PROGRAM ON PRESTIGE. Introduction â€Å"There is, perhaps, no college decision that is more thought-provoking, gut wrenching and rest-of-your life oriented–or disoriented–than the choice of a major. † (St. John, 2000, p. 22) The impact of a wrong or right choice transcends beyond the learning satisfaction because it is correlated with job stability and job satisfaction. One would expect a scholar to choose a university program through extensive research, cognitive decision making and employment of heuristics (pike 200) but unfortunately anecdotal evidence has showed this is not the case. Most students employ tactics of indecision as opposed to cognitive decision making and many times end up in the wrong program (Beggs ,Banthon, Taylor 2008). It is not surprising then that Roese and Summerville (2005) cite meta-analytical evidence that the most frequently identified life regret for Americans involve their educational choices. The problem is not only confined to America but also to Kenya and the rest of the world. Pressure to choose a particular program in university may be intrinsic or extrinsic . One of the most salient reasons why university scholars chose the wrong program is because of prestige which manifests itself in multifarious ways. Prestige is the respect and admiration that something or somebody has because of the social status or that which is admired and respected because it looks expensive and important. Which role does prestige play in the selection of wrong university majors? How does this lead to underachievement? Effect of prestige on the choice of college program Before classifying most of the choices made by students on their university programs as â€Å"wrong†, it is only fair that we elucidate on which parameters we are using to do so. The distinction between a right and wrong program can be explained using Holland’s theory (Holland, 1985). Holland’s theory links psychological factors (student personalities) with sociological factors (characteristics) of academic disciplines to create a model of personal-environmental fit. According to Holland’s theory, individuals can be classified by personality types which can be paralleled to model environments (which in our case are the academic programs) . For example, a realist -a person who prefers activities involving manipulating machines- is best suited for a realistic environment like engineering. Another component of Holland’s theory shows that when there is congruity between a person’s traits and the environment, he/she is likely to flourish. From the information above we can infer that scholars whose personality types don’t match with their programs are in the â€Å"wrong† programs. How does prestige contribute to this? Social prestige Social prestige plays a profound role in the selection of university majors. Top performers in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K. C. S. E) are faced with a conundrum while making decisions on which program to study for in the university. A student who performs well in the K. C. S. E may be swayed to chose a science related program despite his/her artistic personality type. Artistic careers like arts, English, music, drama and theater (Smart, Feldman and Ethington, 2000) are ranked lowly by the society. Research indicates that most of the top performing students in the Kenya Certificate of secondary school education end up in science related majors . Does this mean that none of the students has an artistic, enterprising, social or conventional personality type? Many of the disillusioned students end up changing their university majors after lacking interest. In one career fare organized by Equity Bank, a student revealed how she chose to pursue medicine because of social prestige (she had emerged as the second student nationally in K. C. S. E) but ended up leaving the program for Business Communication after one year because that was where her passion was. Family prestige A research by Jeri Mullins Beggs, John H. Bantham, Steven Taylor (2008) on the factors affecting choice of college major showed that very few students use career planning tools and information research when choosing a program. Where do students get career information to choose programs from? Many students rely on personal sources which are prejudiced by prestige for information especially parents. In addition, a significant number of parents would want their children to pursue prestigious programs which they wanted to pursue but did not have the chance to do so . Parents, unlike students, often view education as an investment in which they expect huge returns ( Nabeel, Conaty and To 1989, p. 252). To them, when their child performs well in K. CSE, he/she should undertake a prestigious major like medicine, engineering and law. This will enable them to have successful careers and return the investments that were made. In the same breath, the parents will be proud about the courses selected because society reveres the family. Most students who follow their parents’ choice end up being dissatisfied with their programs and some even discontinue and join other programs(often of a lesser societal rank). Career and institutional prestige Career prestige is another factor that affects the students’ career choice. The choice of a college major plays a critical role in determining the expected future earnings of the college students. (Arcidiano, Hotz, Kang 2011). Many students choose a career based on the future earning streams associated with it. Prestigious careers like medicine, engineering, law, actuarial science and financial engineering are associated with higher future income streams hence more preferred. A student might choose a prestigious career which is not in line with his/her abilities because it has a higher potential for financial success. Job security and job stability are also critical factors in the choice of the college program. The following was the response by a student in regard to her major choice, â€Å"In choosing a major, I considered how marketable the degree would be, and what city or area I wanted to be in. I wanted a degree that I could go most anywhere and find a job† (College Student Journal, 2008). In Kenya, a significant number of the top students choose Medicine because it has been associated with job security and stability over engineering which is mostly contractual. The problem is worse in South Korea where the university chosen is predicted as the highest determinant of the income that one is going to receive (Changui Khan, 2004). In Kenya some students compromise programs which fit their personality types just because they don’t â€Å"like† the university or campus. Students would want to be associated with the best ranked universities. Most students who pursue majors because of career financial security end up disappointed: there is no match with their personalities. Conclusion Kenya needs the right scholars to develop it as it endeavors to achieve its Vision 2030 goals. Scholars who are not only academically apt, but can also create pragmatic solutions and innovations able to progress the country. The practice of basing the choice of university program on prestige is apocryphal and should be discouraged . Students should choose programs based on their interest after intensive research and outsourcing. References 1. British Educational Research Journal published by Taylor& Francis Limited, Vol 33, No2 Apr 2007 2. Reasearch in Higher Education Vol 47, No7 (Nov, 2006) pp801-822 published by springs. 3. College Student Journal, June 2008,Distinguishing the Factors Influencing College Student Choice of Major Jeri Mullins Beggs, John H Banthon, Steven Taylor (www. findarticles. com) 4. Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation. New York: McGraw-Hill. 5. Roese, N. J. , & Summerville, A. 2005). What we regret most †¦ and why. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 (9, September), 1273-85. 6. Smart, J. C, and Feldman, K. A. (1998). â€Å"Accentuation effects† of dissimilar academic departments: An application and exploration of Holland's theory. Research in Higher Education 39: 385-418. 7. Howard, J. A. (2005). Why should we care about student expectations? In: Miller, T. E. , Bender, B. E. , and Schuh, J. H. ; Associates (eds. ), Promoting Reasonable Expectations: Aligning Student and Institutional Views of the College Experience Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 10-33.

Feliz Navidad Essays - Mexican Cuisine, South American Cuisine

Feliz Navidad Essays - Mexican Cuisine, South American Cuisine Feliz Navidad In Mexico they celebrate the birth of Jesus and the coming of the three kings. Their celebrations begin 12 days before Christmas. When reenactments of Virgin Mary searching for shelter occur. The followers grow in numbers until it they all reach a church, where mass is held. In some Hispanic areas they celebrate the holidays on Three Kings Day, which is January 6th. This was traditionally the day that all the gift-giving took place. But now many areas follow the U.S. and exchange gifts on December 25th. Many children now look forward to receiving gifts on both days. The celebration usually begins in the afternoon or at the dinner time when a rosca or two is shared among family members. On Christmas Eve everybody gets together in the zcalo for a night of dancing. Many times families celebrate with the making and eating of tamales. Which I think are absolutely delicious. Les gusta comen los tamales. Les gusta bailan. Les gusta visitan los relatives. Bibliography 1. mexconnect.com 2. www.mexonline.com 3. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia

Seasonal and Unseasonable

Seasonal and Unseasonable Seasonal and Unseasonable Seasonal and Unseasonable By Maeve Maddox With all the storms, flooding, and unusually low temperatures in the news, Ive been noticing a proliferation of the word unseasonal. Unseasonal rain may continue Southerners lamenting the loss of summer need to brace for more unsettled and unseasonal weather in the coming days Unseasonal weather and flower production will there be a shortage? Unseasonal spring storms are hitting the South In each of these examples, the weather being described is seen as not being usual for the time of year. The appropriate word in this context is the negative of seasonable, which is unseasonable. seasonable: Occurring at the right season, opportune. Of weather, etc.: Suitable to the time of year. The word seasonal differs in meaning from seasonable. seasonal: Pertaining to or characteristic of the seasons of the year, or some one of them. Things that change with the season are seasonal. One speaks of seasonal occupations, seasonal employment, and seasonal products. Strictly speaking, seasonal does not have a negative form. This unusually cold, wet weather were experiencing in the South this May is unseasonable. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesOne Fell Swoop

Human Resource and Organizational Performance Essay

Human Resource and Organizational Performance - Essay Example HR therefore can improves a company performance through; increasing motivation and promoting positive attitudes among the employees, increasing employees abilities and skills, giving employees a vast responsibilities so that they can realize their potential and make full use of their abilities and skills. Moreover, through looking at the wellness/safety and health of the employees such as development of accident prevention strategies, substance and AIDS abuse policies, health and legal safety policies, and promotions and implementations of wellness programs, companies make its employees comfortable and work towards the achievement of the company goals and objective. For example, FedEx Corporation Company has made lots of strides through their Human Resource strategy where they developed a philosophy called people-service-profit (Bohlander & Snell, 2010). The fundamental belief from that philosophy was that excellent care of the employees yield excellent service to the company. FedEx offers regular feedback actions programs as well as annual survey to track employees’ relations. The above program provided resolution opportunities and permits problem assessment. The company also provided better ways of addressing problems so that the company employees could be kept balanced (Berger, 2011).Additionally, a strong Human Resource offers Training and development services to their employees to boost employees’ skills and knowledge in their job areas to international standards. This involves designs, evaluation, planning.

Public and Private Plan Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public and Private Plan - Research Paper Example In general, a country with a publicly or privately owned critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) can be a possible target for a terrorist attack. In this report, common factors that make the local enforcement group unable to protect the people and infrastructure facilities will be provided. As the homeland security director in the United States, a list of recommended ways that will enable private and public stakeholders be prepared for, respond to, and recover from a possible terrorist attack on technological infrastructure facility will be tackled in details. Terrorism is defined as â€Å"political violence in an asymmetrical conflict designed to induce terror and psychic fear through violent victimization and destruction of non-combatant targets† (Bockstette, 2008). Since the terrorists are unable to kill their target political and military figures, terrorists usually end up attacking and killing the civilians or cause physical harm to public and private CIKR as a way of capturing the attention of the government. Basically, increasing the fear of the general public could force the government to compromise with what the terrorists demanded (Pfaff, 2002). Despite the past effort to protect the public and private CIKR, the lack of universal plan makes the implementation of NIPP ineffective in most cases. Likewise, the lack of coordination among the shareholders including the Federal government, independent regulatory agencies, the legislative, executive and judicial branches contributes to the development of a weak guidelines and recommendations that could be useful in ensuring a successful implementation of the NIPP (Chertoff, 2009, p. 9). The United States’ technological infrastructure serves as a backbone behind the progress of the country’s national security, economic and social activities. To ensure the